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The fastest way for a person to divide is on a slide rule. Compared to using paper, it is instantaneous. There is probably an effective way to build an analog divider into a CPU core that could divide as fast as a multiplier (would most likely be set up to do both), in situations where it would be practical to trade some digital precision for speed. Perhaps an electronic slide rule analog unit could be set up to provide a result refined to meet the invoker's need within the range of the timeframe.